1	Chapter 26 - The West Western Indians White settlement of the West Farmers, Ranchers, & Miners Populist Challenge
2	Indians Fighting for Survival Gold in the Black Hills - Custer Massacre 1876 Geronimo and the Apaches Conquered by the Army Desperate circumstances
3	Plains Indians forced into reservations Oklahoma and the Great Sioux Reservation No buffalo, no hunting groups = dependence on Gov. for food
4	End of the Line 1887 > Dawes Act - Force Indians to live as white farmers End tribal ownership of land Indians privately own land (often swindled) 50% of Reservation land lost
5	Mining Gold in California, silver in Nevada Mining in Colorado, Utah, and other Western states (frontier conflict) Larger corporations begin to dominate Helped to strengthen economy
6	Cattle Drives After Civil War, RRs extended into Kansas and Nebraska Texas cattle driven north to railheads in Dodge City and Abilene Chicago packing houses Farmers occupied grazing land Leading to range wars (barbed wire)
7	Free Land for Free Families Homestead Act of 1862 > 160 acres Five times as many purchased land from RRs 160 acres not big enough to farm - lack of water Dry farming led to erosion Deep wells made Great Plains farming possible
8	Mechanization of Farming Steam tractors, combines (reaper/threshers) Farm production increased dramatically Railroads and refrigeration Corporate farming= more expensive
9	Unhappy Farmers Dependence on single major crop - corn or wheat Drop in crop prices mean risks to mortgages Demands for cheap money (silver coinage) Gouging by RRs, barbed wire trust, fertilizer trust Grangers by1875: 800,000 members Entered politics at state level
10	Farmers’ Alliances Attacked RRs and monopolies, supported co-ops Ignored tenant farmers (25% of farmers), split on racial lines Gov. owned grain elevators, take over RRs, abolish national banks Led to People’s Party (Populists)
11	Panic of 1893 intensified Gold reserves only $41 mil J.P. Morgan loaned the Gov. $65 mil in gold – (made $7 profit) Cleveland accused of being a tool of Wall Street Coxey’s Army unsuccessfully marched on Washington to demand public works program
12	Labor Problems Employers fired workers or reduced pay And workers went on strike 1894 > Pullman Strike Pullman company reduced wages, but not rent for company homes Workers struck, spread to RRs Cleveland sent in troops to “keep the mails open” And broke strike - Eugene Debs became Socialist
13	1896 - Republicans nominate McKinley Supported by Ohio Rep. businessman and king maker Mark Hanna Business of Gov. is to aid business Trickle down economics > if business has $, and it will trickle down to the workers Continue with the gold standard
14	1896 Democratic Convention controlled by free silver forces Dem. nominated William Jennings Bryan after his “Cross of Gold” speech Unlimited coinage of silver at 16 to 1 Populists & Dem. divided and the Populists also nominated Bryan
15	Bryan created panic among Gold Bugs McKinley had 16 times as much campaign $ as Bryan McKinley promised prosperity Rise in wheat prices just before the election helped McKinley (Bryan lost steam) Business community united to stop Bryan Last serious challenge of farmers to win the White House
16	Prosperity returned in 1897 Free silver disappeared as an issue New gold discoveries in Alaska helped the US More gold production in South Africa The American economy continued to grow