1	Ch 34 - FDR & Shadow of War, 1933-41 Economic & political Chaos of Europe US is firmly isolationist Appeasement strategy is ineffective with dictators U.S. gives econ. & military assistance to Allies Pearl Harbor= full war mobilization
2	FDR’s Foreign Policy 1933 > London Conference To end depression by cooperation US left > Isolation Rise of dictatorships Good Neighbor policy in Latin America (more + relations) More freedom in the Philippines Independence in 1946
3	1934 > Reciprocal Trade Agreements Low tariffs for countries who do same (exports ↑) 21 nations by 1939… But, Russia= Communism Italy = Fascism Germany = Nazis US busy with Roaring 20s and Depression
4	Isolationist The Nye Committee: blamed WWI on munitions makers & bankers (to avoid future wars Neutrality Acts (35/36/37) Amers. cannot sell munitions, make loans, sail on ship of warring nation Avoid mistakes that led to WWI
5	Appeasement 1936-39 > Spanish Civil War Dress Rehearsal Germans & Itals V. Soviets US does nothing 1931 > Japan in Manchuria 1935 > Italy invaded Ethiopia
6	Hitler’s Germany 1935 > Germany ignores Versailles 1935 > Draft 1936 > Rhineland 1938 > Austria Sep 1938 > Munich Conference Peace in our Time Sudeten March 1939 > Czech.
7	1939 - Hitler-Stalin Pact German & SU divide Poland SU > Baltic states Sep 1939 > Germany into Poland Did not expect reaction
8	Allies needed US help 1939 > Neutrality Act Cash & Carry > US will sell for cash only Transport on foreign ships only British control of seas = deal for Allies only But technically neutral War production = end of Depression
9	1939 > Blitzkrieg in Poland Sitzkrieg in France France overrun in 40 days Dunkirk- “brilliant retreat” Battle of Britain- airpower
10	US response to war ↑ Army & Navy Sep 1940 > Peacetime draft Sep 1940 > Destroyers for Bases 50 old ships for bases For convoys Still many isolationists FDR wins 3^rd term (landslide)
11	March 1941 > Lend-Lease US = arsenal of democracy US will lend or lease equip. - returned after war ↑ US war materials FDR & Churchill (Atlantic Charter)
12	June 1941 > US convoy escorts Protect lend lease to Iceland Relieving Royal Navy U.S. in undeclared war in the Atlantic FDR “shoot on sight policy” Nov 1941 > merchant ships armed
13	US unhappy with Japan 1931 > Manchuria 1937 > Invasion of China Japan dependent on US iron & oil... Join Rome Berlin Axis in 1940 U.S. embargos oil & iron:’40-’41 Japan had 6 month supply (enough to conquer the Pacific for a brief time)
14	Preparation for War Japan decided to attack then declare war Knew attack coming, but expected it in PI or Singapore U.S. had cracked Japanese code But Japanese Embassy was slow to decode… Attack came first
15	Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor 7 Dec 1941 Bec. FDR moved fleet there from San Diego as tensions rose But fleet not on war footing Japan expected we would seek immediate terms They would get iron & oil Did not anticipate US response
16	Nation came together Decided to see it through to end Unleashed sleeping giant Germany & Italy declared war U.S. economy and public opinion became fully mobilized for war